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Impact of Improved Previous HitSeismicNext Hit Previous HitResolutionNext Hit and Signal-to-Noise Ratio on Monitoring Pore-Fluid Composition Changes: CO2-Injection, Hall Gurney Field, Kansas, U.S.A.

Abdelmoneam E. Raef, Richard D. Miller, Alan Byrnes, and William E. Harrison
Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS

Time-lapse (4D) Previous HitseismicNext Hit application in reservoir management programs provides valuable information on monitoring pore-fluid changes and mapping areas of bypassed hydrocarbons. Improved Previous HitseismicNext Hit Previous HitresolutionNext Hit, higher signal-to-noise ratio, reduced turnaround time, and timely integration of time-lapse Previous HitseismicNext Hit results will be critical to successful, dynamic reservoir management.

Having subtle pore-fluid Previous HitseismicNext Hit effects in carbonates reservoirs, by virtue of the carbonates' high incompressibility, mandates optimized signal-to-noise ratio and Previous HitresolutionNext Hit. When great care is taken in designing processing flows related to pore fluid, Previous HitseismicNext Hit Previous HitresolutionNext Hit and signal-to-noise ratio can be boosted to allow recognition of Previous HitseismicNext Hit changes as small as 8-10%.

A processing flow has improved the Previous HitseismicNext Hit Previous HitresolutionNext Hit by about 15% on time-lapse data used to monitor the pilot tertiary EOR-project at the Hall Gurney Field of Kansas, where the target is Lansing-Kansas City Group Carbonates. This improvement came as a result of raising the Previous HitseismicNext Hit dominant frequency from around 55 Hz after conventional processing to 90 Hz after a high-Previous HitresolutionNext Hit tuned processing flow. The improved dominant-frequency-dependent Previous HitresolutionNext Hit results in less reflection interference, and therefore better Previous HitseismicNext Hit attribute sensitivity to pore-fluid effects that otherwise would be subdued.

Signal-to-noise ratio improvements of about 8% compared to a conventional processing flow, lead to enhanced, more consistent CO2-related Previous HitseismicNext Hit signature for the 4D Previous HitseismicNext Hit monitoring. Successful monitoring of CO2-related changes relied on Previous HitseismicNext Hit amplitude attributes of high-Previous HitresolutionNext Hit 4D Previous HitseismicTop data with an improved signal-to-noise ratio over conventionally processed data. Integrating the 4D-seismic-imaged extension of the CO2-bank with reservoir simulation models resulted in increased confidence supporting necessary modifications to pre-exiting simulators.