A review of research on revolution of 3D Seismic Geomorphology of Fluvial System

Abstract

A comprehensive study is systematized to understand the evolution of 3D seismic imaging and pragmatic seismic attributes utilized to resolve the geomorphological traits of the fluvial channel and seismic expressions of clastic facies, at tens of meter resolution. This study delineates the mimic of seismic sedimentology of paramount petroleum basins evolved in fluvial-deltaic regions (Junggar Basin of China, North Sea Basin, Mississippi River Delta, and Malaya Basin) of geological times. This manuscript refers several seismic visualization themes which are derived by useful seismic attributes (amplitude envelope, rms amplitude, amplitude chaos, spectral decomposition, the cosine of phase, sweetness, instantaneous frequency, dip deviation, voxel, relative acoustic impedance, semblance, variance and coherency). These seismic attributes have clear geophysical meaning and considered as fluvial channel attributes. The qualitative interpretation of these seismic attributes envisage principal information of buried geological layers, hydrogeological (fluvial channels) implications, paleoenvironments of clastic deposition and greatly assist in determining associated paleogeomorphic characters of seismic facies. The results of 3D seismic imaging enable us to bridge the geological time conjunction with seismic time by presenting the pattern recognition of geologically significant features in a plan view i.e. stratal slice images. This motif augments the key geomorphological features (such as kinematics and energy levels of flow systems, sediment dynamics, lithofacies distributions of fluvial stratigraphy, the evolution of channelized deposits, incisional analysis and external geometry) and unveils shear zones deformation and related morphotectonic structures. The structure such as faults and fractures are displayed well with structural dip and variance attribute. A review of meticulous treatise suggests that the seismic attribute analysis is must integrated with preset analogies which help to study geomorphology of paleochannel and to predict the architecture and morphological development reservoir because the present is the key to past. Our study provides practical insight of 3D seismic imaging techniques for geomorphological analysis of reservoir distribution and benefitting in predicting the reservoir attributes (in absence of well control) of understudy petroleum basins. It is concluded that model of 3D seismic imaging is inferred as a ‘geological Hubble’, which can yield fascinating seismic visualizations and provoke an impetus in modern geosciences research.

AAPG Datapages/Search and Discovery Article #90325 © 2018 AAPG Europe Regional Conference, Global Analogues of the Atlantic Margin, Lisbon, Portugal, May 2-3, 2018