Abstract: The Role
Oil
and
Gas
Seeps Played in Petroleum Exploration in California
MAGOON, LESLIE, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA; SUSAN HODGSON, California
Division of
Oil
,
Gas
, and Geothermal Resources, Sacramento, CA
Fifty (16%) of the 315
oil
fields and two (1%) of the 176
gas
fields in California have
been discovered because of nearby seeps. However, there are almost twice as many
oil
fields as
gas
fields in the state. Comparing these numbers with 482
oil
and 97
gas
seeps
reported in California, we see that there are five times more
oil
than
gas
seeps; and
clearly, because
oil
seeps are easier to find than
gas
seeps, they are a more useful tool
for petroleum exploration. The Wheeler, Trask and Coleman Tunnel dug near seeps in 1861
resulted in the first California
oil
discovery---Santa Paula field in Ventura County. The
most recent field discovered near seeps is Livermore field, discovered in 1967 by
McCulloch
Oil
near the town of Livermore in Alameda County. Only two
gas
fields, La Goleta
(1932) and Sutter Buttes (1933) were found because of nearby
gas
seeps.
The difficulty of attributing a single geologic parameter, such as petroleum seeps, to
the discovery of a field is an over-simplification considering that most explorationists
employ more than one line of evidence before drilling a wildcat well. For example, surface
geology in California frequently reveals anticlinal features or topography indicating
four-way closure at depth. However, whenever
oil
and
gas
seeps are present in the area of
interest, tangible evidence exists that petroleum has been generated in sufficient
quantity to migrate to the surface. Also, for small companies or individuals closely
watching exploration expenditures, the presence of seeps is tangible evidence to investors
that
oil
is nearby, thereby facilitating funding. Several exploration case histories will
be examined where seeps played a dominant role in field discoveries.
AAPG Search and Discovery Article #90911©2000 AAPG Pacific Section and Western Region Society of Petroleum Engineers, Long Beach, California
