--> Pore Presure Prediction Based On 3D Seismic Velocity Data—A Case Study
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AAPG Asia Pacific Region GTW, Pore Pressure & Geomechanics: From Exploration to Abandonment

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Pore Presure Prediction Based On 3D Seismic Previous HitVelocityNext Hit Data—A Case Study

Abstract

Seismic Previous HitvelocityNext Hit is important input data to predict and analyze abnormal pore pressure, particularly in the area of limited well control. In the normal pressure environment, porosity decreases as depth increases. This normal trend can be captured by the increase of seismic interval velocities versus depth. In this case, if pore pressure is increased, then the expected seismic interval Previous HitvelocityNext Hit trends would be decreased. This paper describes a methodology of three-dimensional (3D) seismic Previous HitvelocityNext Hit cube Previous HitanalysisNext Hit for pore pressure prediction consisting of four major components—time-depth conversion, seismic Previous HitvelocityNext Hit validation, seismic Previous HitvelocityNext Hit to well calibration, and prediction of pore pressure and fracture gradient. The input data for pore pressure Previous HitanalysisNext Hit consisted of the wireline data and vertical seismic profile (VSP) checkshot from the existing well along with 3D seismic and seismic Previous HitvelocityNext Hit, which were derived from Previous HitvelocityNext Hit Previous HitanalysisNext Hit during seismic processing.

This case study uses data from the Heidrun field in the Norwegian North Sea. The original discovery well was drilled based on a gas amplitude bright spot at the crest of the structure. A significant overpressure zone of 1.2 g/cc difference existed in the pore pressure gradient encountered in the discovery well. As such, it was necessary to perform detailed pore pressure Previous HitanalysisNext Hit to optimize the drilling program at the target appraisal well location. A comprehensive review of seismic Previous HitvelocityNext Hit was completed to validate the data quality and the impact of uncertainty on the results of pore pressure Previous HitanalysisNext Hit. The validation process, referred to here is an interpretive Previous HitvelocityNext Hit Previous HitanalysisNext Hit, requires access to prestack seismic to verify whether seismic Previous HitvelocityNext Hit functions have an adequate vertical resolution and slower Previous HitvelocityNext Hit anomalies respond consistently to changes in pore pressure. In addition, more detailed control points can be added to improve the vertical resolution of seismic Previous HitvelocityNext Hit functions.

This results in a 3D Previous HitvelocityNext Hit model that utilizes all available Previous HitvelocityNext Hit data from well and seismic for time-depth conversion. Furthermore, structural controls and well picks ties are also taken into account. Consequently, seismic velocities are calibrated to well VSP checkshots along the structure controls. Finally, a 3D pore pressure prediction workflow is applied to calculate the density, overburden, pore pressure, and fracture gradient cube from the calibrated interval Previous HitvelocityNext Hit cube. The parameters of 3D workflow were optimized to gain an improved correlation between seismic Previous HitvelocityNext Hit and the well log data one-dimensional (1D) Previous HitanalysisNext Hit results.

In summary, it is crucial to validate the integrity of seismic Previous HitvelocityNext Hit before applying it to pore pressure prediction. The interpretive Previous HitvelocityNext Hit Previous HitanalysisNext Hit on prestack seismic data is effective for validating and refining the Previous HitvelocityNext Hit functions. Consequently, a better calibration between Previous HitvelocityNext Hit functions and a sonic delta T trend was obtained by adding more controls points to the existing Previous HitvelocityNext Hit function. As a result, the slower interval Previous HitvelocityTop was confidently interpreted, representing an abnormal pore pressure for calculating safe drilling window parameters at the target well location.