Using Surface-Based Electromagnetic Imaging to Identify Geologic Controls on the Extent of Fluid Emplacement During Hydraulic Fracturing Operations

Abstract

As the Oil & Gas Industry continues its focus on the exploration and development of low permeability unconventional reservoirs, wellbore spacing along with hydraulic fracturing optimization are paramount in maximizing reservoir performance and estimated ultimate recovery (EUR). Principal to this is the identification of geologic controls which either limit or enhance the emplacement and retention of the hydraulic fracture fluid stream. Surface based Controlled-Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) Imaging has been successfully utilized to not only monitor and map the aerial extent of reservoir stimulation during hydraulic fracturing, but also to identify possible geologic controls which affect reservoir stimulation. In this paper we discuss CSEM technology and present selected results of surface-based electromagnetic (EM) imaging of fluid emplacement during recent hydraulic fracture operations in the Anadarko and Permian basins. This is done without the use of tracers or any modification to the hydraulic fracturing fluid stream. Electromagnetic imaging is made possible by the changes in reservoir conductivity in response to fluid and proppant emplacement. These images illustrate the aerial extent of fluid emplacement, stimulation azimuth, as well as reservoir heterogeneities that become either a barrier to or preferential pathway for fluid migration. Our results allow the operator to improve geologic understanding of the reservoir and increase recovery efficiency during development.

AAPG Datapages/Search and Discovery Article #90323 ©2018 AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition, Salt Lake City, Utah, May 20-23, 2018