--> Evalution of Different Remediation Measures for Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils

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Evalution of Different Remediation Measures for Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils

Abstract

Abstract

Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) are naturally occurring chemicals used by humans for a variety of activities, including the fuelling of vehicles and heating of homes. Energy resources provide some of the crucial building blocks of a modern society and make possible many of the conveniences that we enjoy today. However, the energy we crave for has brought about significant adverse environmental effects as a result of unwanted and toxic substances released into the environment including soil, air and water. The effect of hydrocarbon is very evident in our environment including Niger Delta eco-region of Nigeria. UNEP environmental assessment report on Ogoniland has proved the high level of degradation caused by PHCs in the Niger Delta region. Several remediation techniques exist in reducing the PHCs content of polluted soils and groundwater, but with different degree of comparative advantages. This study provides a comprehensive overview of about eight techniques for environmental remediation of petroleum polluted soils and review the efficiency of the techniques used based on set criteria. The criteria used and their weighting factors were based on their level of importance with respect to the remedial techniques application. These critaria include cost efficiency (20%), applicability (15%), environmental friendliness (15%), time frame (20%), operation and maintenance (10%) and health concerns (20%). From the result of the evaluation Weighted Scores design of the remediation techniques, RENA and Phytoremediation have the highest Total Weighted score of 215 each while MNA, Mechanical Intervention, thermal and Soil Vapour Extraction have Total weighted score of 190 each. Soil washing and chemical oxidation have total weighted scores of 155 and 170 respectively. The study statistically established that RENA and phytoremediation are comparatively better remedial options than the other techniques based on the results.